When this slug is stopped by any abruption like a bend or equipment, the kinetic energy of the slug will be suddenly converted into pressure energy which will create a shock wave in the entire pipework. This results in formation of water slug which is much denser than steam travelling with the velocity of steam. During such dual phase flow, the heavy condensate which flows at the bottom of the pipe is pulled by high speed steam. Flow Assurance, Hydrate Risk Assessment, OLGA Dynamic Simulation, LedaFlow Dynamic Simulation, Line Sizing, Transient Pipelines Operations, Slugging Risk assessment.

The flow velocity of steam is much higher than that of the condensate. Water hammer can occur when an open valve suddenly closes, causing the water to slam into it, or when a pump suddenly shuts down and the flow reverses direction back to the pumpДЄfter condensate is formed, the flow inside the pipe has two components, steam and the condensate. Water hammer is a phenomenon that can occur in any piping system where valves are used to control the flow of liquids or steam. Normal water pressure runs between 40 and 60 psi (pounds in keeping with rectangular inch), and above this, the high pressure can be the supply of water hammer. A hydraulic ram can be created using a water hammer and is commonly used in mining practices to break through rock. (Another way to understand line packing is - You remember the old The Jungle book cartoon (1967), where Kaa, the python bumps its head first into the tree & later the remaining part of its body coils like a spring to ram unto his head!! рџ‚рџ‚) Check this out рџ‚рџ‘‡starts at 2:10 Water hammer can also occur whilst the general pressure of the primary water pipe entering the building is simply too high. Water hammer can be induced intentionally for various applications. Total pressure rise = JoukowskyвЂ™s pressure rise + Line Packing pressure rise This ramming of the fluid layers causes the line to get packed with more pressure. In line packing once the fluid comes to rest on the face of the closed block valve, the remaining trailing fluid layers ram into each other, thereby converting all the remaining fluid momentum into a pressure rise. The hydraulic simulation studies carried out during the design stage included sensitivity analysis using various pipe diameters. 2.4.3 The Choice for 38 Pipe Instead of Another for Ibugben F/S to Ogabiri-1 M/F Pipeline. Line packing is a phenomenon which is more significant in long cross country pipelines.ДЈ. Take for instance, pressures from surge, slug, safety valve thrust, water hammer, etc. Apart from JoukowskyвЂ™s over pressure (which only explains the вЂњinitial pressure riseвЂќ, weвЂ™d also see вЂњLine packingвЂќ effects that can be higher than JoukowskyвЂ™s over pressure.Дў. Water hammer is one place where weвЂ™ll need a engineering tool like TLNET or Pipenet, because,ДЎ.

Pipesim water hammer